一、手动编写 Chart 的整体流程¶

1、创建目录；
2、创建helm所需的文件；
3、写入数据；
4、--dry-run检查验证；
5、部署；

安装chart：

创建目录

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /root/3/mytestapp

创建helm所需的文件

# 创建values.yaml文件
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/mytestapp
[root@master01 mytestapp]# touch values.yaml

# 创建templates目录
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/mytestapp
[root@master01 mytestapp]# mkdir templates

# 创建Chart.yaml
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/
[root@master01 3]# helm create myapp
[root@master01 3]# cd /root/3/mytestapp
[root@master01 3]# cp myapp/Chart.yaml mytestapp/

# 清除Chart.yaml文件中的多余内容，并重新定义名字
[root@master01 3]# cd mytestapp/
[root@master01 mytestapp]# vim Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: mytestapp
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
type: application
version: 0.1.0
appVersion: "1.16.0"

# 创建模板文件
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/mytestapp/templates
[root@master01 templates]# k create deploy web --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zq-demo/nginx:1.21.6   --dry-run=client -oyaml > deployment.yaml

# 创建deployment
[root@master01 templates]# kaf deployment.yaml

# 说明：在执行下面命令之前需要先执行kaf deployment.yaml
[root@master01 templates]# k expose deploy web --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort --dry-run=client -oyaml > service.yaml

#生成svc的yaml文件后需要执行下面命令删除之前创建的资源
[root@master01 templates]# k delete -f deployment.yaml

# 创建NOTES.txt
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/mytestapp
[root@master01 mytestapp]# echo "hello mytestapp" > NOTES.txt

# 查看
[root@master01 mytestapp]# tree ../mytestapp/
../mytestapp/
├── Chart.yaml
├── NOTES.txt
├── templates
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   └── service.yaml
└── values.yaml

1 directory, 5 files

通过如下命令，将把chart通过自定义的模板进行渲染。但不会安装chart，它将返回渲染后的模板给你：

[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3
[root@master01 3]# helm install mytestapp  mytestapp/  --dry-run
NAME: mytestapp
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov 13 13:54:14 2023
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: pending-install
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
HOOKS:
MANIFEST:
---
# Source: mytestapp/templates/service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: web
  name: web
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: web
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}
---
# Source: mytestapp/templates/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: web
  name: web
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: web
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zq-demo/nginx:1.21.6
        name: nginx
        resources: {}
status: {}

真实部署

# 部署
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3
[root@master01 3]# helm install mytestapp  mytestapp/

# 查看
[root@master01 3]# kg po,svc
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/web-7848c86bdd-gvstn   1/1     Running   0          32s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        11d
service/web          NodePort    10.0.17.240   <none>        80:32743/TCP   32s

# 测试访问，完全OK
[root@master01 3]# curl 10.0.0.60:32743
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

更新

# 查看
[root@master01 mytestapp]# helm list
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART           APP VERSION
mytestapp       default         1               2023-11-13 14:03:46.371608882 +0800 CST deployed        mytestapp-0.1.0 1.16.0

# 重新修改Chart.yaml
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3/mytestapp
[root@master01 mytestapp]# vim Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name:  mytestapp20231113
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
type: application
version: 0.1.0
appVersion: "1.16.0"

# 更新
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3
[root@master01 3]# helm  upgrade mytestapp mytestapp/
Release "mytestapp" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: mytestapp
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov 13 14:09:40 2023
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 2
TEST SUITE: None

# 再次查看，观察到已更新
[root@master01 3]# helm list
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART                   APP VERSION
mytestapp       default         2               2023-11-13 14:09:40.336967169 +0800 CST deployed        mytestapp20231113-0.1.0 1.16.0

回滚

# 查看历史版本
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3
[root@master01 3]# helm history mytestapp
REVISION        UPDATED                         STATUS          CHART                   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
1               Mon Nov 13 14:03:46 2023        superseded      mytestapp-0.1.0         1.16.0          Install complete
2               Mon Nov 13 14:09:40 2023        deployed        mytestapp20231113-0.1.0 1.16.0          Upgrade complete

# 回滚指定版本
[root@master01 3]# helm rollback mytestapp 1
Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!

# 验证
[root@master01 3]# helm list
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART           APP VERSION
mytestapp       default         3               2023-11-13 14:16:58.348518883 +0800 CST deployed        mytestapp-0.1.0 1.16.0

卸载

# 卸载
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/3
[root@master01 3]# helm uninstall mytestapp

# 查看
[root@master01 3]# kg po,svc
NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP   11d

Helm实战：手动编写第一个Chart

一、手动编写 Chart 的整体流程¶

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