一、HTTP 监控（监控外部域名）¶
#添加如下配置
########## 外部域名 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: "blackbox-external-website"
scrape_interval: 30s
scrape_timeout: 15s
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_get_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets:
- https://www.baidu.com # 改为公司对外服务的域名
- https://www.jd.com
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
#完整配置文件
[root@master01 7]# cat prometheus-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitor
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
external_labels:
cluster: "kubernetes"
############ 数据采集job ###################
scrape_configs:
########## prometheus 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: prometheus
static_configs:
- targets: ['127.0.0.1:9090']
labels:
instance: prometheus
########## kube-apiserver 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: kube-apiserver
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## kube-controller-manager 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: 'kube-controller-manager'
# 使用 Kubernetes Pod 发现机制
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
# 强制使用 HTTPS 协议
scheme: https
# TLS 配置（测试环境跳过验证）
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
# 使用 ServiceAccount 的 Token 认证
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
# 保留标签为 component=kube-controller-manager 的 Pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_label_component]
regex: kube-controller-manager
action: keep
# 重写目标地址为 Pod IP + 10257 端口
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_ip]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __address__
replacement: "${1}:10257"
# 强制使用 HTTPS 协议（冗余但明确）
- source_labels: []
regex: .*
target_label: __scheme__
replacement: https
# 附加元数据标签
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## kube-scheduler 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: 'kube-scheduler'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_label_component]
regex: kube-scheduler
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_ip]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __address__
replacement: "${1}:10259"
- source_labels: []
regex: .*
target_label: __scheme__
replacement: https
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## kube-state-metrics 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: kube-state-metrics
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
regex: kube-state-metrics
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_ip]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __address__
replacement: ${1}:8080
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## coredns 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: coredns
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_label_k8s_app
regex: kube-dns
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_ip]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __address__
replacement: ${1}:9153
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## etcd 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: etcd
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_component
regex: etcd
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_ip]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __address__
replacement: ${1}:2381
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## kubelet 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: kubelet
metrics_path: /metrics/cadvisor
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## k8s-node 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: k8s-nodes
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
regex: '(.*):10250'
replacement: '${1}:9100'
target_label: __address__
action: replace
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
action: replace
target_label: endpoint
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
########## DNS 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: "kubernetes-dns"
metrics_path: /probe # 不是metrics，是probe
params:
module: [dns_tcp] # 使用DNS TCP模块
static_configs:
- targets:
- kube-dns.kube-system:53 #不要省略端口号
- 8.8.4.4:53
- 8.8.8.8:53
- 223.5.5.5:53
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115 # 服务地址，和上面的 Service 定义保持一致
########## ICMP 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: icmp-status
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [icmp]
static_configs:
- targets:
- 10.0.0.61
labels:
group: icmp
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
########## HTTP 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: ## 使用HTTP_GET_2xx与HTTP_GET_3XX模块
- "http_get_2xx"
- "http_get_3xx"
kubernetes_sd_configs: ## 使用Kubernetes动态服务发现,且使用Service类型的发现
- role: service
relabel_configs: ## 设置只监测Kubernetes Service中Annotation里配置了注解prometheus.io/http_probe: true的service
- action: keep
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe]
regex: "true"
- action: replace
source_labels:
- "__meta_kubernetes_service_name"
- "__meta_kubernetes_namespace"
- "__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe_port"
- "__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe_path"
target_label: __param_target
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: $1.$2:$3$4
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115 ## BlackBox Exporter 的 Service 地址
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
########## TCP 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: "service-tcp-probe"
scrape_interval: 1m
metrics_path: /probe
# 使用blackbox exporter配置文件的tcp_connect的探针
params:
module: [tcp_connect]
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
relabel_configs:
# 保留prometheus.io/scrape: "true"和prometheus.io/tcp-probe: "true"的service
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_tcp_probe]
action: keep
regex: true;true
# 将原标签名__meta_kubernetes_service_name改成service_name
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
regex: (.*)
target_label: service_name
# 将原标签名__meta_kubernetes_service_name改成service_name
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
regex: (.*)
target_label: namespace
# 将instance改成 `clusterIP:port` 地址
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_cluster_ip, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe_port]
action: replace
regex: (.*);(.*)
target_label: __param_target
replacement: $1:$2
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
# 将__address__的值改成 `blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115`
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
########## Ingress 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: 'blackbox-k8s-ingresses'
scrape_interval: 30s
scrape_timeout: 10s
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_get_2xx] # 使用定义的http模块
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: ingress # ingress 类型的服务发现
relabel_configs:
# 只有ingress的annotation中配置了 prometheus.io/http_probe=true 的才进行发现
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
########## 外部域名 监控配置 ##########
- job_name: "blackbox-external-website"
scrape_interval: 30s
scrape_timeout: 15s
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_get_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets:
- https://www.baidu.com # 改为公司对外服务的域名
- https://www.jd.com
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
############ 指定告警规则文件路径位置 ###################
rule_files:
- /etc/prometheus/rules/*.rules
# 应用
[root@master01 7]# kaf prometheus-config.yaml
按上面方法重载 Prometheus，打开 Prometheus 的 Target 页面，就会看到 上面定义的 blackbox-external-website 任务
curl -XPOST http://prometheus.zhang-qing.com/-/reload
二、HTTP Post 监控（监控外部域名）¶
- job_name: 'blackbox-http-post'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_post_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets:
- https://www.example.com/api # 要检查的网址
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.monitor:9115
按上面方法重载 Prometheus，打开 Prometheus 的 Target 页面，就会看到 上面定义的 blackbox-http-post 任务
curl -XPOST http://prometheus.zhang-qing.com/-/reload
三、小结¶
- Blackbox Exporter是一个用于监控网络服务的开源工具。
- 通过模拟HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP等协议向服务端发送请求，并返回响应码、响 应时间等信息。
- Blackbox Exporter具有高度的灵活性，可以通过配置文件进行定制，包括对请求的 频率、超时时限、请求头、请求参数等进行配置。
- Blackbox Exporter还支持Prometheus监控系统，可以将采集到的数据自动发送给 Prometheus，并进行聚合和展示。
